Optimized Design and Simulation of Optical Section in Electro-Reflective Modulators Based on Photonic Crystals Integrated with Multi-Quantum-Well Structures

In the design of photonic integrated circuits (PICs), optical connections PIC surface, along with electronic components chips, are significant issues. One optoelectronics that utilizes these surface electro-reflective modulators, consisting an section and section. this paper, a novel scheme two-dimensional crystals (PhCs) is presented for reflective sections device. This two-dimensional; thus, it has less volume than current bulky structures. The finite element method utilized to simulate optimize PhCs gold layer parameters. Furthermore, optimization parameters accomplished through Nelder–Mead method. Moreover, modeling simulation proposed hybrid been investigated according structural tolerance. These tolerances, related nanorods’ radius lattice constants, considered justify vindicate fabrication technology limitations conditions. “on” state modulator, light transmission ratio 98% 903 nm wavelength 45° angle deflection incident light, nd bandwidth 20 nm. For 897 41° angle, 95%, 7